International Conference on Pharmaceutical Chemistry September 05-07, 2016 Frankfurt, Germany

Aleksandra Glowka has completed her MSc from Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan and started PhD studies at the same University. She works as a researcher in the Laboratory of Applied Chemistry. She has published 3 papers in post-conference materials.

Oral bioavailability is important parameter during develop the new drugs. About 40% of new drug compounds exhibit low solubility in water, which means low oral bioavailability, associated with Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II (BCS) drugs. In recent years, much attention has been focused on emulsion forming drug delivery systems such as: self-emulsifying (SEEDS), self-microemulsifying (SMEDDS) and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to improve these inconveniences. Discussed systems are isotropic mixtures consist of oils, surfactants and co-surfactants/co-solvents, which emulsify under conditions of gentle agitation, when come in contact with gastro-intestinal fluid. SEDDS form surfactants of HLB<12 and SMEDDS, SNEDDS are using surfactants of HLB>12. SEDDS has droplet size in the ranges from 200 nm to 5 µm, SMEDDS – less than 200 nm and SNEDDS in the ranges from less than 100 nm. They are thermodynamically stable systems. Hydrolyzed vegetable oils are widely used as oil components. Sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) is often used as a surfactant. Co-surfactants are preferably short and medium-chain alcohols such as octanol, which are known to formulate the spontaneous self-emulsifying formulation. Glycols are used a co-solvents, e.g. propylene glycol. These systems can be dispensed in a soft or hard gelatin, capsule, tablets and pellets. All descripted drug delivery systems can be characterized by ternary/pseudo ternary phase diagram, droplet size or zeta potential. Emulsion forming drug delivery systems are promising approach to be used as effective drug delivery vehicles for wide range of drugs. They improve oral bioavailability, are easy to prepare and reduce the drug dose.

Tripti Mishra has completed her MSc from Lucknow University and is pursuing PhD from Kumaun University, Nainital Uttarakhand India. She is the Research Scholar at Phytochemistry Division of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow India. She has published three papers in reputed journals along with two book chapters and five popular articles.

Betula utilis (Betulaceae family) is a moderate-sized tree occurs at high altitudes of Himalayas and well known for having its anticancer activity. The present research work deals with the cytotoxic activity of isolated triterpenes along with primary screening of six solvent extracts of Betula utilis bark. Moreover compound mediated massive ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption tumor cell migration study also has been done. Bark of Betula utilis were extracted in six different solvents. All the six extracts have been evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity. The most potent fractions in terms of cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines were subjected to column chromatography for isolation of pure compounds. Six triterpenes such as betulin, betulinic acid, lupeol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and β-amyrin have been isolated from Betula utilis bark. The structures of these compounds have been established by spectroscopic methods. All the isolated triterpenes have been tested for in vitro cytotoxic activity. Ursolic acid has been identified as the most robust tumor cell selective cytotoxic activity against breast cancer. Ursolic acid mediated massive ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption are the major factors for contributing anticancer potential of the particular fraction. Ursolic acid also significantly inhibited the tumor cell migration. Betula utilis is novel source of ursolic acid having potent tumor cell selective anticancer properties.

Shipra Shukla has completed her MSc from CSJM Kanpur University and pursuing PhD from Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India. She is the Research Scholar at Phytochemistry Division of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow India. She has published two papers in reputed journals along with four popular articles.

Cassia tora Linn (Caesalpinaceae) is a well known oriental herb used in traditional medicine which grows up to 1-2 m in height and is found as a weed throughout India. The present study based upon Cytotoxicity of Cassia tora leaves and stem and their fatty acid methyl ester profiling, collected from two different locations in India. The plant material of Cassia tora (Leave, Stem) were collected in the month of July from, District-Unnao (Uttar Pradesh India) coded as CT-1 and Kathgodam (Uttarakhand India) coded as CT-2. The powdered plant material was extracted with Hexane in a Soxhlet extraction. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure at 400C. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were prepared of the hexane extract and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Palmitic acid and Linoleic acid was major fatty acid found in CT-1 Leaves (18.62%), (13.25%) CT-1 Stem (27.22%), (30.60%) and CT-2 Leaves (25.95%), (6.51%), CT-2 Stem (30.32%), (9.71%). Hexane extract of Leaves and Stem part of Cassia tora collected from Unnao and Uttarakhand were evaluated for Cytotoxicity against six human cancer cell lines Breast (BT-549, MDAMB-468, and MCF-7), Colon (SW48, LOVO and HT-29). The highest cell growth inhibition was shown by sample (CT-2) collected from Kathgodam (Uttarakhand); it is the potential source of Palmitic acid. Fatty acids are biologically important as Palmitic acid exhibits DNA topoisomerase I inhibitory activity which causes inhibition of replicating cancer cells. The present study reveals that Cassia tora collected from Uttarakhand is a potential source of Palmitic acid and possibly due to enriched amount of Palmitic acid it exhibited significant cytotoxic activity. Cassia tora stem are potential source of bioactive fatty acids can be used in various pharmaceutical products as they have gained considerable importance in the food evaluation, and also in the diagnosis of certain diseases and pharmacology.

Anjali Verma has completed her MSc from Government Medical College (Kumaun University) and pursuing PhD from Kumaun University, Nainital Uttarakhand India. She is the Research Scholar at Phytochemistry Division of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow India. She has published two popular articles.

Medicinal plants are valuable natural resources and regarded as potentially safe drugs. The present study is designed to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of Hemidesmus indicus. Ethanolic extracts of Hemidesmus indicus further fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and water, were tested for their anti-hyperglycemic activity by α-amylase inhibitory assay. The ethanolic extract showed the maximum inhibition (76.60%) followed by water (68.71%) and ethylacetate (58.85%) in comparison to standard drug acarbose (80.34%) at the conc. of 160 μg/ml. The IC50 value of the ethanolic, water, and ethyl acetate have of 95.05 ± 0.49 μg/mL, 112.39 ± 0.68 μg/mL and 142.02 ± 0.59 μg/mL, respectively in comparison to IC50 value of acarbose (88.28±0.94 μg/mL). β-sitosterol and lupeol were isolated from ethanolic fraction of H. indicus and was subjected to anti-hyperglycemic activity. The IC50 values of these compounds are 163.03±0.96 μg/mL and 56.73 ± 0.47 μg/mL respectively. To verify the results docking study of β-sitosterol and lupeol with mammalian alpha amylase is carried out on its active site. From the study it concluded that all the studied ligands form one H-bond interactions with the active site residues either Asp212 or Thr21. Hydroxyl hydrogen of β-sitosterol has one hydrogen bond with carbonyl oxygen of Thr21. The estimated free energy binding of β-sitosterol was found to be -9.97 kcal mol-1 with an estimated inhibition constant (Ki) of 560.96 nmol whereas the estimated free energy binding of lupeol was -12.71 kcal mol-1 with an estimated inhibition constant (Ki) of 478.71 pmmol. The present study clearly showed that lupeol is more potent in comparison to β-sitosterol.

rnBetül Kaya is a Research Assistant in Anadolu University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. She is pursuing her PhD at present and is in the fourth semester of PhD.rn

Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative and progressive disease that responsible from 60% to 70% of cases of dementia and characterized by progressive impairment of memory and cognition. As the destruction of cholinergic neurons ends up with the decline in acetylcholine (ACh) level, a key aspect of the symptomatic threapy for AD is to increase acetylcholine concentration in presynaptic regions via blocking its metabolic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Benzofuranone derivatives have attracted great attention in the light of recent studies that reported compounds bearing benzofuranone ring exhibit various biological acitivities including acetylcholinesterase activity. On the other hand, benzofurane ring bearing compounds show structural similarity to donepezile which is the main drug currently used in clinic as acetylcholine esterase inhibitor. Studies related to synthesis of new compounds that shows structural similarity to this drug and carries piperidine or a piperidine analogue piperazine ring systems and investigation of their anticholinesterase activities are being carried on by medicinal chemists, intensively. Based on the advantages of benzofuranone, piperidine and piperazine rings, we have synthesised a new series of benzofuranone derivatives and tested their anticholinesterase activity. The structures of the obtained compounds have been evaluated using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS spectral data and elemental analyses results. The anticholinesterase effects of the compounds on AChE and BuChE were determined by a modification of Ellman’s spectrophotometric method. Some of the compounds showed enzyme inhibitory potency to different extents and will be evaluated in further detailed studies.

Anjleena is pursuing PhD at Panjab University, Chandigarh. She has completed her MPharmacy with first rank in University and awarded gold medal for that. She has been awarded with Inspire fellowship from Department of Science and Technology, Delhi for her PhD course. Her area of research interest includes development of quinazoline based new chemical entities having medicinal significance. \r\n\r\n

Inflammation is the response of immune system towards injury and infection. It is divided into two main categories acute and chronic. Acute inflammation (occurs rapidly, within few hours after injury and infection) such as acute bronchitis, infected ingrown toenail, sore throat and chronic inflammation (occurs from unresolved or recurrent acute inflammation) include asthma, chronic peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis. In the market, large number of anti-inflammatory drugs is available but unfortunately they all are associated with one or other side effects. Therefore, efforts are made towards the development of new molecules having potential anti-inflammatory activity with fewer side effects. In general, quinazoline derivatives are known to possess wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, antifungal, antihypertensive and anticancer. The anti-inflammatory profile depends upon the type and location of a specific substituent on quinazoline nucleus. Therefore, we decided to synthesize new series of quinazoline derivatives substituted at 4-position with different aryl/alkyl amino groups and explored their potential as anti-inflammatory agents. Various 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives were synthesized by treatment of 4-chloroquinazoline with different aryl/alkyl amino substituent under reflux or at room temperature. Compounds were evaluated at dose 20mg/kg for their anti-inflammatory activity by using Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model and compared with indomethacin used as standard. At the tested dose (20 mg/kg), none of the synthesized derivative showed any sign of gastric complications.\r\n\r\n

Ahmad Nikseresht has completed his PhD from Payame Noor University and carried out research in the field of Organic Chemistry involving heterocyclic chemistry compounds under supervision of Prof. M. Bakavoli in the Ferdowsi University and carbohydrates under supervision of Prof. H. Zuilhof and Dr. Tom Wennekes in the Wageningen University. He has worked as a Guest PhD student at the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for a period of nine months. He is the Director of Department of Research and Entrepreneurship of Payame Noor University of Ilam, Iran. He has published more than 35 papers in reputed journals and international conferences in the field of organic chemistry.

Synthesis of ganglioside analogues via glycosylation is a highly efficient method for ω-functionalized alkyl lactosides. Such lactosides are used as starting compounds for the synthesis of asialo-GM2 (GA2) derivatives and chemoenzymatic synthesis. Particular interest is focused on GA2, which is an important target in processes of bacterial adhesion. This sugar is a putative adhesion molecule for Moraxella catarrhalis an important pathogen of respiratory and middle ear. We present an efficient glycosylation of alcohols with perpivaloylated β-lactose that involves inexpensive and safe promoter, SnCl4, in the presence or absence of CaCO3. In this study perpivaloylated β-lactose was used. It was prepared by the reaction of lactose with trimethylacetylchloride in pyridine upon 5 days of heating at 80 °C. We examined the tin chloride-promoted reaction of β-lactose octapivalate with corresponding alcohols. Optimization of the reaction was monitored by NMR in C6D6. Upon the reaction conditions of 0 °C to room temperature, 1.48 equivalent of corresponding alcohols and 1.48 equivalent of SnCl4, the complete disappearance of the starting lactose octapivalate was observed within 6 hours and β-lactoside was formed as the major product (76-83%) along with α-anomers as byproducts (5%). The process was characterized by high stereoselectivity. To suppress the anomerization and byproduct formation the effect of proton scavengers was examined. However, CaCO3 did not have much effect on the yield of the product. Such results indicated that the use of perpivaloylated β-lactose in glycosylation of ω-functionalized fatty alcohols was likely to suppress the byproduct, such as orthoester formation. The corresponding glycosides were isolated in a stereo controlled manner with β-selectivity.

Ulviye Acar Çevik has graduated with his Master’s degree in 2015. Currently, she is pursuing PhD and is in the second semester of PhD. \r\n\r\n

Parabens have been employed for about a century as preservatives in foodstuff, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, beverage.In vitro studies indicate that PBs induce the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and influence the expression of estrogen dependent genes. In this respect and although parabens were generally considered harmless to human beings for a long time, several concerns have been raised over the past twenty years about parabens safety with emphasis given on their endocrine disrupting potential.The protein-containing food supplements within the over the counter (OTC) drug class content has been scanned through its content and a paraben analysis of the supplement was performed. In the study, 2 pieces of energizing gel, 9 pieces of protein or amino acid-containing supplement, and 7 pieces of supplements containing L-carnitine which totals to 18 products have been purchased from 16 different companies. In the analysis, the LCMS-IT-TOF device has been used. The peaks which were observed in a High-Resolution Mass spectrum has been scanned within a range of 10 ppm molecular mass from the drugbankdatabase and eventually, a qualitative analysis of related compounds were performed. As a result of the analysis, no parabens were detected in any products. However, in those products, which are used by a wide range of age group, was noted to have a high level of carbohydrate content (especially fructose and sucrose).

Derya Osmaniye has graduated with undergraduate degree in 2015, and now, is in second semester of Master’s degree.

Parabens have been used for long time for the purpose of protection. Parabens have been known to have estrogenic activity in many in vivo and in vitro studies, and biomonitoring data indicated prevalent display in general populations. Fructose and saccharose which are carbohydrates have been employed widespread and they have caused infatile tooth decay. In this study, baby food which are sold in market has been scanned through its content and a paraben analysis of the supplement was perfomed. We planned this study of baby food within various trademark and packing. Gradients were analysed by use of LCMS, IT-TOF. As part of this study, 5 pieces of spoon food, 5 pieces of jar food, 2 pieces of baby biscuit, 1 piece of organic juice which totals to 13 products, have been purchased from 6 different companies. The peaks which were observed in a high-resolution mass spectrum has been scanned within a range of 10 ppm molecular mass from the drugbank.ca database and eventually, a qualitative analysis of related compounds was perfomed. As a result of analysis, no parabens were detected in any products. However, fructose and saccharose give rise to infantile tooth decay high incidence of establismented.

Srinivasa Rao Vulichi has earned his MPharm from Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal. He served as Academic Consultant, Guest Lecturer and Assistant Professor for two years in various pharmacy colleges around Tirupati and taught theory and laboratory courses in pharmacy at undergraduate level. He was qualified in National level tests like Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) and Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (GPAT) with All India Ranks of below 300. He has also worked as a Summer Research Fellow on a Fellowship granted by Indian Academy of Sciences (IAS) in Hyderabad Central University for three months. Currently, he is pursuing Doctoral Research Program in the Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad campus under the supervision of Prof Suman Kapur.\r\n\r\n

Metabolic Syndrome is a clinical condition primarily linkedto abnormal metabolic status of lipids and glucose which ultimately leads to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular abnormalities. Sedentary life-style and intake of calorie rich diet were known to be the substantial causative factors behind progression of the condition. It is considered as a critical epidemic with about 30 million people suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in United States alone. Despite of the existing drug candidates, the devastating side-effects posed by them greatly limit their potential therapeutic identity. Perhaps most of the current research strategies were critically trying to explore various aspects of traditional medicine, inparticular due to its proven safety profiles. Considering this issue, we currently have sought rational ligand based designing andsynthesized sometypical chalcone-thiazolidine2,4-dione hybrids using conventional synthetic strategies. All the molecules were synthesized and characterized through spectroscopic methods. In addition, the molecules were tested using in-silico approach against suitable pharmacological targets selected from protein database (PDB) to understand their preliminary binding efficiency.

Jona Keri has finished her MSc studies in Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences at University of Tirana and is now working as a Doctoral student since two years in the field of adsorption/desorption equilibrium study of different active compounds as diclofenac, mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid etc. on the montmorillonite clays. She has published 1 work as a Co-author on “Compounding of polystyrene and silylated cellulose with organically modified clay”, and working on 2 new articles, 1 work as a author for the 6th International Conference of Ecosystems (ICE2016), Book of Proceedings, pp 86-87.

Natural clays with a high smectite content are used widely in pharmaceutical industry as adsorbent, antidiuretic and drug carrier because of their physical – chemical properties. Clay may interact with drugs by reducing their absorption and slowing the release of drug towards the target organ. In this paper is studied the suitability of Prrenjas clay, from Albania, in its natural state and after its treatment with sulfuric acid, to adsorb-desorb ibuprofen out of its water and hexane solutions. Clays cation exchange capacity is measured before and after the treatment with 11.142 M sulfuric acid aqueous solution. Concentration of ibuprofen in its aqueous and hexane solutions, after reaching the adsorbtion – desorbtion equilibria, were determined by means of UV spectrophotometry. The respective absorption – desorbtion isotherms were drawn based on those measurements.